In situations such as outbreaks due to emergency disasters associated with hazards, conflict, complex emergencies, and famines; people’s health is put at risk (Brainard, 2017). Communicable diseases bring along risk factors that cause health issues; these risk factors include crowded conditions, forced displacement, poor quality shelter, poor water, sanitation, and hygiene, lack of healthcare facilitates, and lack of adequate surveillance (Hammer, 2018). These risk factors are commonly associated with diarrheal diseases and infectious diseases such as respiratory infections, malaria, and measles. Communicable diseases are caused by microorganisms from bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. These diseases can be spread directly or indirectly from person to person or be transmitted though bug bites. Other areas these diseases are spread through are ingesting contaminated foods and water. Communicable diseases such as malaria and HIV/AIDS account for millions of deaths each year.
Disease can cause burdens on developing countries and strain their economies. More than 80% of the deaths that occur are not considered diseases in the developed world. The estimated amount towards deaths globally is 47 trillion dollars through 2030 if the world’s economy does not reform. The health of people in low-income communities is compromised because of risk factors such as little to no healthcare that is available and the infrastructure being damaged. The consequences to such circumstances is spreading of diseases and death.
About burden of communicable disease. (2019, May 7). Retrieved January 30, 2020, from https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/all-topics-zburden-communicable-diseases/about-burden-communicable-disease
Atherly, A., Whittington, M., VanRaemdonck, L., & Lampe, S. (2017, December). The Economic Cost of Communicable Disease Surveillance in Local Public Health Agencies. Retrieved January 30, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29130264
CC Hammer, J Brainard, Risk factors for communicable diseases in complex emergencies, a systematic review of the literature: Charlotte Christiane Hammer, European Journal of Public Health, Volume 27, Issue suppl_3, November 2017, ckx186.162, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx186.162
Goyal , B. P. (2016, July 23). Retrieved January 30, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjwV3hTzjeg
Hammer, C. C., Brainard, J., & Hunter, P. R. (2018, July 1). Risk factors and risk factor cascades for communicable disease outbreaks in complex humanitarian emergencies: a qualitative systematic review. Retrieved January 30, 2020, from https://gh.bmj.com/content/3/4/e000647
(n.d.). Retrieved January 30, 2020, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/risk-factors-for-contracting-communicable-diseases.html
Roser, M., & Ritchie, H. (2016, January 25). Burden of Disease. Retrieved January 30, 2020, from https://ourworldindata.org/burden-of-disease
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